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第七章 体检（头颈部）[Physical examination(head and neck)]
1、头颅[cranium,skull]
•头颅变形[deforming skull]
•头形（围）[head contour (circumference)]
•小颅（尖颅，巨颅）[microcephalism (acrocephalia,large skull)]
•长（短）头[dolichocephalia (brachycephalism)]
•方（塔）颅[squared (tower) skull]
•落日现象[sitting sun phenomenon]
•颅缝[cranial suture]
•前（后）囟门[anterior (posterior) fontanel]
•囟门膨出（塌陷）[bulging (edpressed) fontanel]
•囟门晚（早）闭[delayded (earlier) closure of the fontanel]
2、眼球[eyeball]
•眼球浮动[ocular bobbing]
•眼球破裂[eyeball rupture]
•眼球穿孔伤[ocular-perforating injury]
•眼球内异物[intralcular foreign body]
•眼距增宽（变窄）[ocular hypertelorism (hypotelorism)]
•眼球萎缩[atrophy of eyeball]
•眼球突出（凹陷）[exophthalmos (enophthalmos)]
•眼球震颤[nystagmus]医学全.在线提供
•眼球固定[eyeball fixation (stare)]
•眼球活动受限[limitation of eye movement]
•假眼[ocular prosthesis]
•眼外肌运动[extraocular movements]
3、眼睑[eyelids]
•睑内（外）翻[entropion (ectropion)]
•流泪[lacrimation]
•上睑下垂[ptosis]
•眼睑痉挛（松驰）[blepharospasm (blepharo-chalasis)]
•眼睑水肿（红肿）[edema (redness and swelling) of the eyelids]
•瞬目过少[nictitation diminution(lid lag )]
•瞬目过多[frequent nictitation (blinking)]
•眼裂缩小（增宽）[blepharophimosis (blepharodia stasis)]
•眼睑充血[blepharal hyperemia]
•泪囊[lacrimal sac ]
•睫毛反射[eyelash reflexes]
•压眶反射[reaction to pressure on the supraocular notch]
•皱眉（皱额，闭目）[raise eyebrows (wrinkle forehead,force eyelids closing)]
4、结膜[conjunctive]
•结膜反射[conjunctival reflexes]
•充血[congestion]
•红（白）[redness (pallor)]
•球结膜水肿[chemosis]
•结膜滤泡（滤泡增生）[conjunctival follicle (folliculosis)]
•沙眼[trachoma]
•胬肉[pterygium]
•水样（脓性）分泌物[watery (purulent) discharge]
5、角膜和巩膜[cornea and sclerae]
•角膜反射[corneal reflexes]
•角膜混浊[cornea opacity]
•透明（不透明）的[transparent (opaque)]
•异物[foreign body]
•老年环[arcus senilis]
•溃疡（穿孔）[ulcer (perferation)]
•黄染（无黄染）[stained yellow (anicteric)]
6、瞳孔[pupil]
•右眼[OD (oculus dextet)]
•左眼[OS (oculus sinister)]
•2mm大小[2mm in size]
•等大等园[be equal and round ]
•瞳孔大小不一[unevenness of pupils (anisocoria)]
•固定[fixed]医.学.全.在线.网.站.提供
•瞳孔缩小[contraction of pupils (miosis)]
•瞳孔散大[dilation of pupils (platycoria)]
•瞳孔畸形（闭锁）[deformity (seclusion) of pupils]
•直接（间接）对光反射[direct (consensual) response to light]
•瞳孔对光反射（佳）（差）[good (poor) light reflex of pupils]
•对光反射存在[retain light reflexes]
•调节反射[accommodation reflex]
•辐辏反射[convergence reflex]
7、视力和视野[Vision and Visual fields]
•视力模糊（减退，差）[blurred (impaired, poor) Vision]
•弱视[amblyopia]
•复视[double vision (diplopia)]
•斜视[strabismus]
•麻痹性斜视[paralytic squint]
•偏盲[hemiscotosis]
•失明[amaurosis (blindness)]
•夜盲[night blindness]
•色盲[color blindness]
•全色盲[achromatopsia]
•绿（蓝）色盲[achromatopsia green(blue) blindness]
•红-绿色盲[red-green blindness]
•色弱[color weakness]
•远视[far-sightedness (far –sighted,hyeropia)]
•近视[short-sightedness (short-sighted,nearsightedness,myopia)]
•右（左）眼200度[200 degree,OD(OS)]
•左（右）眼视力[OS(OD) vision]
•视野完整[full (intact) visual fields]
•象限视野缺损[tetarfanopia]
•单侧（双颞侧）缺损[unilateral (bitemporal) defect]
•视野缺损[visual field defect]
•视野缩小[contraction of visual field]
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