（3)水肿的表示方法
• [Mucous edema (Myxedema)] 粘液性水肿
• [Cardiac (Cardiogenic) edema] 心源性水肿
• [Nephrotic (renal) edema] 肾源性水肿
• [Hepatic edema] 肝源性水肿
• [Alimentary (Nutritional) edema] 营养不良性水肿
• [Angioneurotic edema] 血管神经性水肿
• [Pitting] 凹陷性
• [Nonpitting] 非凹陷性
• [Localized (Local) edema] 局限性水肿
• [Generalized edema (Anasarca)] 全身性水肿
• [Hydrops] 积水
• [Elephantiasic crus] 橡皮肿
• [Cerebral(Brain) edema] 脑水肿
• [Pulmonary edema (Hydropneumonia0] 肺水肿
• [Hydrocephalus] 脑积水医学全.在线网.站.提供
• [Edema of endoscrinopathy] 内分泌病性水肿
• [Invisible (Recessive) edema] 隐性水肿
• [Frank edema] 显性水肿
• [Inflammatory edema] 炎性水肿
• [Idiopathic edema] 特发性水肿
• [Cyclical edema] 周期性水肿
• [Ascites (Abdominal effusion;hydroperiotoneum)] 腹水
• [Pleural effusion (Hydrothorax)] 胸水
• [Pericardial effusion (Hydropericardium)] 心包积液
• [Bronchoedema] 支气管水肿
• [Slight (Mild)] 轻度
• [Moderate] 中度
• [Serious] 重度
• [Transudate] 漏出液
• [Exudate] 渗出液
（4)呼吸困难的表示方法
• [Cardiac dyspnea] 心原性呼吸困难
• [Inspiratory] 吸气性
• [Expiratory] 呼气性
• [Mixed] 混合性
• [Obstructive] 梗阻性
• [Dyspnea at rest] 静息时呼吸困难
• [Dyspnea on exertion] 活动时呼吸困难
• [Dyspnea on lying down] 躺下时呼吸困难
• [Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea,PND] 夜间阵发性呼吸困难
• [Orthopnea] 端坐呼吸
• [Asthma] 哮喘
• [Cardiac asthma] 心源性哮喘
• [Bronchial asthma] 支气管性哮喘
• [Hyperpnea] 呼吸深快
• [Periodic breathing] 周期性呼吸
• [Tachypnea (Rapid or fast breathing;accelerated breathing;short of breath)]气促
• [Bradypnea (Slow breathing)] 呼吸缓慢
• [Irregular breathing] 不规则呼吸
（5)皮肤粘膜出血的表示方法
• [Bleeding spots in the skin] 皮肤出血点
• [Petechia] 瘀点
• [Eccymosis] 瘀斑
• [Purpura] 紫癜
• [Splinter hemorrhage] 片状出血
• [Oozing of the blood (Errhysis)] 渗血
• [Blood blister (Hemophysallis)] 血疱
• [Hemorrhinia (Nasal bleeding)] 鼻衄
• [Ecchymoma] 皮下血肿
（6)咳嗽与咯痰的表示方法
• [Dry cough (Nonproductive cough;hacking cough)] 干咳
• [Sharp cough] 剧咳医学全在线www.med126.com
• [Wet cough (Moist cough)] 湿咳
• [Productive cough (Loose cough)] 排痰性咳
• [Chronic cough] 慢性咳嗽
• [Irritable cough] 刺激性咳嗽
• [Paroxysmal cough] 发作性（阵发性)咳嗽
• [Cough continually] 持续性咳嗽
• [Spasmodic cough] 痉挛性咳嗽
• [Whooping cough] 百日咳
• [Winter cough] 冬季咳
• [Wheezing cough] 喘咳
• [Short cough] 短咳
• [Distressed cough] 难咳
• [Shallow cough] 浅咳
• [Droplet] 飞沫
• [Frothy sputum] 泡沫样痰
• [Bloody sputum] 血痰
• [Mucous (Mucoid) sputum] 粘液样痰
• [Purulent sputum] 脓痰
• [Mucopurulent sputum] 粘液脓性痰
• [White (Yellow,green) sputum] 白（黄,绿)痰
• [Fetid (Foul) sputum] 恶臭痰
• [Iron-rust (Rusty) sputum] 铁锈色痰
• [Chocolate coloured sputum] 巧克力色痰
• [Thick sputum] 浓痰
• [Thin sputum] 淡痰
• [Viscous sputum] 粘痰
• [Transparent sputum] 透明痰
• [Much (Large amounts of) sputum] 大量痰
• [Moderate amounts of sputum] 中等量痰
• [Not much (Small amounts of ) sputum] 少量痰
