2013年职称英语真题理工(A)
第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. The rules are too rigid to allow for humane error.
A. inflexible B. general C. complex D. direct
2. This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.
A. turned dead B. passed by C. carried away D. become extinct
3. The contract between the two companies will expire soon.
A. shorten B. end C. start D. resume
4. Three world-class tennis players came to contend for this title.
A. argue B. claim C. wish D. compewww.med126.comte
5. The methods of communication used during the war were primitive.
A. simple B. reliable C. effective D. alternative
6. Respect for life is a cardinal principle of the law.
A. moral B. regular C. fundamental D. hard
7. The drinking water has become contaminated with lead.
A. polluted B. treated C. tested D. corrupted
8. Come out, or I’ll bust the door down.
A. shut B. set C. break D. beat
9. She shed a few tears at her daughter’s wedding.
A. wiped B. injected C. produced D. removed
10. They didn’t seem to appreciate the magnitude of the problem.
A. existence B. importance C. cause D. situation
11. The tower remains intact even after two hundred years.
A. unknown B. unusual C. undamaged D. unstable
12. Many experts remain skeptical about his claims.
A. doubtful B. untouched C. certain D. silent
13. The proposal was endorsed by the majority of members.
A. rejected B. submitted C. considered D. approved
14. Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.
A. send B. spread C. hear D. confirm
15. The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.
A. naked B. cautious C. blind D. private
第2部分：阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分)
New Understanding of Natural Silk’s Mysteries
Natural silk, as we all know, has a strength that man-made materials have long struggled to match. In a discovery that sounds more like an ancient Chinese proverb than a materials science breakthrough, MIT researchers have discovered that silk gets its strength from its weakness. Or, more specifically, its many weaknesses. Silk gets its extraordinary durability and ductility (柔韧性) from an unusual arrangement of hydrogen bonds that are intrinsically very weak but that work together to create a strong, flexible structure.
Most materials — especially the ones we engineer for strength — get their toughness from brittleness. As such, natural silks like those produced by spiders have long fascinated both biologists and engineers because of their light weight, ductility and high strength (pound for pound, silk is stronger than steel and far less brittle). But on its face, it doesn't seem that silks should be as strong as they are; molecularly, they are held together by hydrogen bonds, which are far weaker than the covalent (共价的) bonds found in other molecules.
To get a better understanding of how silk manages to produce such strength through such weak bonds, the MIT team created a set of computer models that allowed them to observe the way silk behaves at the atomic level. They found that the arrangement of the tiny silk nanocrystals (纳米晶体) is such that the hydrogen bonds are able to work cooperatively, reinforcing one another against external forces and failing slowly when they do fail, so as not so allow a sudden fracture to spread across a silk structure.
The result is natural silks that can stretch and bend while retaining a high degree of strength. But while that's all well and good for spiders, bees and the like, this understanding of silk geometry could lead to new materials that are stronger and more ductile than those we can currently manufacture. Our best and strongest materials are generally expensive and difficult to produce (requiring high temperature treatments or energy-intensive processes).
By looking to silk as a model, researchers could potentially devise new manufacturing methods that rely on inexpensive materials and weak bonds to create less rigid, more forgiving materials that are nonetheless stronger than anything currently on offer. And if you thought you were going to get out of this materials science story without hearing about carbon nanotubes (纳米碳管), think again. The MIT team is already in the lab looking into ways of synthesizing silk-like structures out of materials that are strongwww.med126.comer than natural silk — like carbon nanotubes. Super-silks are on the horizon.
16. MIT researchers carry out the study to illustrate an ancient Chinese proverb.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
17. Silk’s strength comes from its weak hydrogen bonds working together.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
18. Biologists and engineers are interested in understanding natural silks because they are very light and brittle.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
19. If the hydrogen bonds break due to external forces, they break fast.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
20. The MIT team had tried different materials before they studies natural silk in the research.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
21. Carbon nanotubes are currently the most popular topic in materials science.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
22. It is indicated that materials stronger than natural silk can be expected in the future.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
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