2013年职称英语真题综合B
第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. Come out, or I’ll bust the door down.
A. shut B. set C. break D. beat
2. The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.
A. naked B. cautious C. blind D. private
3. The rules are too rigid to allow for humane error.
A. general B. complex C. direct D. inflexible
4. It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already.
A. right B. unbelievable C. obvious D. unclear
5. These animals migrate south annually in search of food.
A. explore B. travel C. inhabit D. prefer
6. Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.
A. spread B. send C. hear D. confirm
7. She came across three children sleeping under a bridge.
A. passed by B. took a noticwww.med126.come of
C. woke up D. found by chance
8. I have little information as regards her fitness for the post.
A. at B. with C. about D. from
9. As a politician, he knows how to manipulate public opinion.
A. influence B. express C. divide D. voice
10. He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company.
A. taught B. attracted C. kept D. changed
11. He paused, waiting for her to digest the information.
A. understand B. withhold C. exchange D. contact
12. Make sure the table is securely anchored.
A. repaired B. cleared C. booked D. fixed
13. She gets aggressive when she is drunk.
A. worried B. sleepy C. offensive D. anxious
14. There was something peculiar in the way he smiles.
A. strange B. different C. wrong D. funny
15. The contract between the two companies will expire soon.
A. shorten B. start C. resume D. end
第2部分：阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分)
Kicking the Habit
What is a bad habit? The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly, almost without thinking about it, and which has some sort of negative consequence. This consequence could affect those around us, or it could affect us personally. Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad habits are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits, like sucking our thumb, are broken when we are very young. We are either told to stop doing it by our parents, or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same habit, and we gradually grow out of it. It is when we intentionally or uniwww.med126.comntentionally pick up new habits in our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem. Unless we can break that habit early on, it becomes “programmed” into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits, it is the old ways that tend to win, especially in situations where we are rushed, stressed or overworked. Habits that we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back. During the study programme, the researchers showed a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them words to associate with them. They then showed the volunteers the same pictures again, and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later, the volunteers were given a test. The researchers showed them the pictures, and told them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one. It came as no surprise that their answers were split between the first set of words and the second. Two weeks later, they were given the same test again. This time, most of them only gave the first set of words. They appeared to have completely forgotten the second set.
The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time. We may try to change our ways, but after a while, the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we learned. The more that response is used, the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time, our bad habits also become automatic, learned behaviour. This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break them. Even when we try to put new, good intentions into practice, those previously learned habits remain stronger in more automatic, unconscious forms of memory.
16. Boys usually develop bad habits when they are very young.
A. Right B. Wrong C. not mentioned
17. We can only break bad habits if others tell us to do so.
A. Right B. Wrong C. not mentioned
18. Bad habits may resume when we are under pressure.
A. Right B. Wrong C. not mentioned
19. Researchers were surprised by the answers that the volunteers gave in the first test.
A. Right B. Wrong C. not mentioned
20. The volunteers found the test more difficult when they did it the second time.
A. Right B. Wrong C. not mentioned
21. The study suggests that it is more difficult to respond to what we learn first.
A. Right B. Wrong C. not mentioned
22. If we develop bad habits early in life, they are harder to get rid of.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23-30题，每题1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个最佳标题；（2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
Traffic Jams — No End in Sight
1. Traffic congestion affects people throughout the world. Traffic jams cause smog in dozens of cities across both the developed and developing world. In the U.S., commuters spend an average of a full work week each year sitting in traffic, according to the Texas Transportation Institute. While alternative ways of getting around are available, most people still choose their cars because they are looking for convenience, comfort and privacy.
2. The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing, whereby cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times of day. In theory, if the toll is high enough, some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train. And in practice it seems to work: Singapore, London and Stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centers thanks to congestion pricing.www.med126.com
3. Another way to reduce rush hour traffic is for employers to implement flexitime, which lets employees travel to and from work at off-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour. Those who have to travel during busy times can do their part by sharing cars. Employers can also allow more staff to telecommute (work from home) so as to keep more cars off the road altogether.
4. Some urban planners still believe that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to build more roads, especially roads that can take drivers around or over crowded city streets. But such techniques do not really keep cars off the road; they only accommodate more of them.
5. Other, more forward-thinking, planners know that more and more drivers and cars are taking to the roads every day, and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles when public transport is so much better both for people and the environment. For this reason, the American government has decided to spend some $7 billion on helping to increase capacity on public transport systems and upgrade them with more efficient technologies. But environmentalists complain that such funding is tiny compared with the $50 billion being spent on roads and bridges.
A. A global problem
B. Closing city centres to traffic
C. Paying to get in
D. Not doing enough
E. Changing work practice
F. A solution which is no solution
23. Paragraph 1
24. Paragraph 2
25. Paragraph 3
26. Paragraph 4
27. Most American drivers think it convenient to .
28. If charged high enough, some drivers may to enter certain parts of town.
29. Building more roads is not an effective way to .
30. The U.S. government has planned to updating public transport systems.
A. encourage more private cars
B. travel regularly
C. reduce traffic jams
D. go by bus
E. drive around
F. spend more money
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