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第十三章 辅助检查[Diagnostic examination]
1、X线检查[X-ray examination]
(1)肺[lung]
•clear[清晰]
•enlargement of hilar shadows[肺门阴影增大]
•increase of lung markings[肺纹理增粗]
•calcified[钙化灶]
•cavitation[空洞]
•circular lesion (coin lesion)[球形病灶]
•a minimal area of density[小块阴影区]
•scattered spot(plaque-like) shadows[散在的点（片）状阴影]
•a poorly defined patchy density[边界不清的片状阴影]
•a round density[圆形致密影]
•pleural thickening[胸膜增厚]
•hazziness(blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle[肋隔角模糊（变钝、消失）]
•elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement[横膈抬高、活动受限]
•encapsulated pleural effusion[包裹性胸腔积液]
•hydropneumothorax[液气胸]
•mediastinal displacement[纵膈移位]
•hilar haze[肺门模糊]
•increase of pulmonary hilar density[肺门密度增高]
•pulmonary venous stasis(infarction)[肺淤血（梗塞）]
•shadow[阴影性状]
•hazziness[淡的]
•clouding[云雾状]
•diffuse[弥漫的]
•veiling[面纱样]
•streaky[线状]
•patcky[絮状]
•nodular[结节状]
•massive[块状]
•miliary[粟粒状]
•confluent[融合状]
•homogeneous[均匀的]
(2)心脏[heart]
•left(right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement[左（右）房（室）增大]
•a tortuous and prolonged aorta[主动脉屈曲延长]
•“aortic type”(“mitral valve”)heart [主动脉型（二尖瓣型）心脏]
•bulging pulmonary artery segment[肺动脉段突出]
•a dilatation of the pulmonary artery[肺动脉扩张]
•general enlargement of the heart shadow[心影普遍增大]
•left(right) ventricular enlargement[左（右）心室增大]
•left(right) atrial dilatation[左（右）心房增大]
•boot-shaped heart[靴型心脏]
•calcification of aorta[主动脉钙化]
•waist of heart[心腰部]
•vertical (slender; asthenic;horizontal;oblique)heart[垂位（狭长型；无力型；横位；斜位）心]
(3)腹部平片[KUB film]
•calculus[结石]
•calcified shadow[钙化影]
•fluid levels with stepladder pattern[阶梯型液平]
•gas-fluid level[液气平面]
•subphrenic free air[膈下游离气体]
(4)胃肠道钡剂检查[barium enema examination]
•gastroenterography[胃肠造影]
•double contrast radiography[双重对比造影]
•es•ophageal peristalsis sign[食管蠕动征]
•duodenal flexure(impression)[十二指肠曲（压迹）]
•mucosal fold shadow of small intestine[小肠粘膜皱襞影]
•peristalsis and empting signs of colon[结肠蠕动与排空征]
•delayed gastric emptying time[胃排空时间延长]
•fasting retention of stomach[胃空腹潴留液]
•filling defect[充盈缺损]
•disappearance of the mucosal folds[粘膜皱襞消失]
•hypotonicity (hypertonicity)[张力减低（增高）]
•irritable cap[球部激惹现象]医学.全.在线.网.站.提供
•vigorous peristaltic activity( hyperperistalsis)[蠕动增强]
•bradydiastalsis[蠕动减弱]
•hypernakinesia[蠕动消失]
•accelerated(reduced) evacuation[排空加快（减缓）]
•skipping phenomenon[跳跃现象]
•broadened and tortuous mucosal fold[粘膜增宽和迂曲]
•flat mucosal fold[粘膜皱襞平坦]
(5)胆道[bile tract]
•oral cholecystography[口服胆囊造影]
•intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography[静脉胆管胆囊造影]
•trans-T-tube cholecystography[经T形管胆囊造影]
•percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography(PTC)[经皮肝穿刺胆管造影]
•dilated common duct[胆总管扩张]
•gallblader concentrated satisfactorily[胆囊浓缩功能良好]
•gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately[胆囊显影不好，浓缩功能差]
•contractibility[收缩功能]
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