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第八章 体检（胸腹部）[Physical examination(chest and belly)]
1、肋骨和软组织[ribs and soft tissure]
•胸骨上切迹[suprasternal notch]
•浮肋[free ribs]
•胸壁[chest wall]
•扁平（桶状、佝偻、漏头、鸡）胸[flat (barrel,rachitic, funnel, pigeon) chest]
•皮下气肿[subcutaneous emphysema]
•捻发音[Crepitus]
•佝偻病串珠[rachitic rosary]
•软骨病[chondrosteoma]
•脂肪瘤[lipoma]
•软骨发育不全[achondroplasia (chondrodysplasia)]
•软组织损伤[soft tissue injury]
•肋骨畸形[abnormality of the ribs(rib deformity, costal anomaly)]
•肋骨串珠（错位）[beading (displacement) of rib]
•肋软骨畸形[costochondral deformity]
•肋软骨增生[costal cartilage hyperplasia]
•肋下切口[subcostal incision]
•肋间隙宽（窄）[wide (narrow) intercostal space]
2、乳房[breast]
•对称性[symmetry]
•乳头内陷（内缩）[crater (retracted) nipple]
•乳头皱裂[cracked nipple]
•乳头偏斜（抬高）[nipple skewness(elevation)]
•乳头溢液[nipple discharge]
•乳头脓肿（溃疡、血肿）[abscess (ulcer, hematoma) of nipple]
•乳头过小[hypomastia]
•乳斑[milk spots]
•乳房潮红[breast flush]
•乳房出血[mastorrhagia]
•乳房过早发育[premature thelarche]
•乳房肿胀（脓肿）[mammary swelling(abscess)]
•乳房湿疹[eczema mammae]
•乳房下垂[mastoptosis (pendulous breast)]
•乳房萎缩[mastatrophy]
•巨乳[macromastia]
•乳晕[mammary areola]
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•异常泌乳[abnormal lactation]
•男子女性化乳房[gynecomastism]
•乳房皮肤红肿[erythroswelling of mammary skin]
•乳房桔皮征[mammary orange-peel sign]
•乳记局限性凹陷[mammary localized pitting]
•乳房瘘管[breast fistula]
•正常女性乳房[normal female breasts]
•无压痛性肿块[nontender mass]
3、肺[lung]
•呼吸缓慢（急促）[bradypnea (tachypnea)]
•呼吸浅慢（深快）[hypopnea (hyperpnea)]
•呼吸不规则[irregular respiration]
•点头呼吸[nodding breathing]
•端坐呼吸[orthopnea]
•三凹征[retraction sign of three fossae]
•叹息样呼吸[sighing respiration]
•浅快[shallow and rapid]
•呼（吸）气性呼吸困难[expiratory (inspiratory) dyspnea]
•呼吸道烧伤（塌陷）[burn (collapse) of respiratory tract(airway)]
•呼吸道阻塞[respiratory tract obstruction]
•呼吸均匀（呼吸加深或加快）[eupnea(exaggerated or acclerated respiratory)]
•呼吸停止[apnea]
•呼吸费力[respiration is labored]
•语音（触觉）震颤[vocal (tactile) fremitus]
•语颤相等（减弱、增强）[vocal fremitus is equal(diminished, accentuated)]
•间接（直接）叩诊[mediate (immediate) percussion]
• 浊（实、鼓、清、过清、金属）音[dullness (flatness, tympany, vesicular resonance, hyperresonance, bell)]
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• 呼吸音消失（减弱，增强）[absence (diminution, exaggeration) of breath sound]
•呼吸音粗（清）[sound of breath(SOB) is rough (clear)]
•支气管（支气管肺泡，肺泡）音[bronchophony (bronchovesicular sound, vesicular sound)]
•管状呼吸音[tubular breath sound]
•捻发音[crepitant rales]
•爆裂音[crackles]
•干（湿）罗音[dry (moist) rales]
•细（中等、粗）罗音[fine (medium, coarse) rales]
•呼（吸）气未罗音[end-inspiratory (expiratory) rales]
•胸膜摩擦音[pleural friction rub]
•呼（吸）气延长[prolonged inspiratory (expiratory)]
•高（低）调鼾音[sibilant (sonorous) rhonchi (sonorous rales)]
•哨笛音[sibilant rales]
•哮鸣音[wheezing]
•小（中、大）水泡音[small(middle, big) bubbles]
•支气管语音[bronchophony]
•耳语音[whispered]
•羊鸣音[egophony]
•高（低）音调[high (low)-pitched]
•两肺部（右背部）[over both lung fields (right back)]
•两（左）肺底[over the both (left) lower lung]
•整个肺野[the whole lung field]
•左（右）上（下）肺[the left (right) upper (lower) lung]
•肺尖（底）[apex (base) of lung]
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